Health & Healing in Cross Cultural Perspective Assignment

Health & Healing in Cross Cultural Perspective - Assignment Example 2. What may be considered normal within one culture may be considered as abnormal in another. Despite the presence of a universally valid system of recognizing the illness and its symptoms, yet cultural differences define behaviors in their own way. This is called cultural theory of normalcy and abnormalcy. A culture defines for a person what behavior he should adopt in order to be normal. For example, average age which is late for a menstrual period to come may be different in different cultures. If a girl of 10 starts menstruating, she may be considered as abnormal in a culture where girls menstruate as late as fifteen. Thus, cultural differences define normal and abnormal behaviors. 3. Spirit possession empowers people in a way that they impart people such spiritual powers (like in Exorcist) that are unable to get without demonic possession. This is a common perspective in many cultures that a spirit has taken the control of a person’s body and he undergoes such powerful ch anges in the physical attributes like voice and etcetera, that we can say that he gets empowered. Spirit possession enables one to be someone else. ... 4. Susto is an ethnomedical syndrome that is usually found in Latin American culture. The concept revolves around the separation of soul from the physical body of a person. The belief is that the victim’s soul or soul of any of the members of his family is taken away through a frightful experience. The women and children may be the victims of this soul loss rather than the person who underwent the frightful occurrence, because they are the weaker members of the family. Rubel and his colleagues found that susto was caused by self- perception of personal inadequacies when the victim is unable to meet social expectations. Hence, social stress was found to be the cause of susto. 5. The hot-cold theory of disease, of Mexican American culture, states that an illness, like food and colors, can be associated with being hot or cold. For example, menstrual cramps are considered as cold illness while pregnancy cramps are regarded as hot. This belief tends to make people comply with the t reatment process much more powerfully. The treatment then consists of such procedures that tend to neutralize the hotness or coldness of the disease, by treating it with a procedure of opposite quality. The health provider should understand the patient’s cultural view on this theory and should proceed accordingly. Giving cold juices in cold illness like flu may lead to patient noncompliance. Hot drinks like tea and coffee can be advised otherwise. 6. Biomedicine is a part of natural diseases causation ethnomedical system because it is based on scientific judgments and clinical procedures of treatments. It is not like primitive medicine which is based on the concept that magic and the possession of supernatural spirits can be used in healing, nor it is like folk medicine which is based on

Annotated Bibliography (PHI 445) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Annotated Bibliography (PHI 445) - Essay Example In essence, this study is highly effective because it begins to show the human cost to corruption, more than just a financial one. Bishara, N. (2011). Governance and corruption constraints in the Middle East: Overcoming the business ethics glass ceiling. American Business Law Journal, 48(2), 227-283. This is an in-depth study that analyzes the way corruption in many areas of business in Middle East has impacted the ability of small and medium-sized family businesses from growing too large. The author is a Middle Eastern business expert and has a unique spin on the glass ceiling. Taking a commonly used sociological term, Bishara spins that to demonstrate how certain types and sizes of business operating in the Middle East encounter a glass ceiling upon growing too big and quickly discover how corruption prevents them from growing even more, and limits their economic ability. He does this be talking about various issues related to corruption, including bribery and exploitation, and how this limits the continued development and expansion of small to medium sized enterprises. The glass ceiling, then, prevents the ethically minded firm from truly growing as an organization. Chauncey, M., and Jude, R. (2010). Daily practice: Ethics in Leadership. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 3(7), 19. Chanucy and Jude are focused on educating future business leaders, and current managers in the field, about the importance for teaching ethics in school. They focus on the reality that many universities and colleges around the country tout their own ethics, yet they often fail in their attempts to educate future leaders about the importance of creating an ethical and honest business environment when they move into the professional world. This is the first of a series of studies aimed at illustrating the importance of ethics in leadership and provides the reader with some great information about what concepts to employ moving forward. Hansen, H. (2011). Managing corruption risks. Review of International Political Economy, 18(2), 251-275. In this study, rather than simply focusing on the effects of corruption, Hansen goes further to provide the reader with specific measure that they can implement to shield themselves from the risks of corruption. His focus is on Western companies who are looking to expand internationally. There are obviously risks in making this step, many of which involve how to navigate the business landscape in the host country. By minimizing the risks of corruption from the outset, the company can limit potential losses down the road. He proposes certain networks that need to be established, prior to entering a foreign market, in order to limit the possibility that corruption will become a necessity. The article is quite in-depth and would be a great inclusion to the library of any executive tasked with the responsibility of navigating international business markets. Johnson, V. (2012). Higher education, corruption, and reform. Con temporary Readings in Law and Social Justice, 4(1), 478. This study by Johnson takes another unique look at corruption by put into context of higher education. Many individuals understand that corruption exists in higher education around the world, but many fail to focus