Humanistic Psychology Psychology And Psychology

Humanistic Psychology is a psychological sub-field which became prominent in the 20th century as a response to the limitations of the psychoanalytic theory and behaviorism (Cherry, n.d.). The main purpose is to help patients gain a belief that all people are inheritably good. Its roots starts with Socrates and emphasizes an individual’s inherent drive towards self-actualization. Humanistic psychology utilizes a holistic approach to human existence and focuses on things such as creativity, free will, and a positive human potential. It encourages a self-awareness and mindfulness that helps change the client’s behavior from one of reaction to one with more productive self-awareness and thoughtful actions. When first developed humanistic psychology was known as third-force psychology so that it could be distinguished from the less humanistic approaches Sigmund Freud and B.F. Skinner (Hall, 2007). Humanistic theory is summarized by five different core principles (Cherry, n.d .). The first one states that human beings supersede the sum of their parts and cannot be reduced to components. The second one states that humans have their existence in a uniquely human context as well as in a cosmic ecology. The third one states that human are conscious and human consciousness always includes and awareness of oneself in the context of other people. The fourth princuiple states that humans have the ability to make choices and as a result have responsibility. The finaal principle states thatShow MoreRelatedHumanistic Psychology Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesClassical Greece and Europe of the Renaissance, when such affirmations were expressed. Humanistic Psychology is a contemporary manifestation of that ongoing commitment. Its message is a response to the denigration of the human spirit that has so often been implied in the image of the person drawn by behavioral and social sciences. Ivan Pavlovs work with the conditioned reflex had given birth to an academic psychology in the United States led by John Watson, which came to be called the science of behaviorRead More Humanistic Psychology Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesClassical Greece and Europe of the Renaissance, when such affirmations were expressed. Humanistic Psychology is a contemporary manifestation of that ongoing commitment. Its message is a response to the denigration of the human spirit that has so often been implied in the image of the person drawn by behavioral and social sciences. Ivan Pavlovs work with the conditioned reflex had given birth to an academic psychology in the United States led by John Watson, which came to be called quot;the scienceRead MoreHumanistic Psychology Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pagescontributions to psychology, it has influenced the understanding and practices of the humanistic movement, specifically with the therapies for the different mental disorders. Psychoanalysis understands the unconscious behavior, behaviorism focuses on the conditioning process that produces behavior. Humanistic psychology focuses on the persons potential to act as a whole person in a nurturing environment by choice with receiving a positive way of life. The Humanistic Movement and PersonRead MoreThe Values Of Humanistic Psychology767 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues of Humanistic Psychology is its emphasis on human potential for growth. The perspective is hopeful one. It does not mean that humanistic psychologists overlook challenge and darkness in people’s lives (see Hoffman, 2009). I believe that our choice to value individual potential for growth and actualization provides openings for discovering the value(s) of challenges we face in life. Hoffman, E. (2009). Rollo May on Maslow and Rogers: No theory of evil. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 49(4)Read MoreEssay on Humanistic Psychology1101 Words   |  5 PagesAugustine was a saint and philosopher. Some of Augustine’s thought can be related to the practice of humanistic psychology. My professional focus is the psychotherapy category called Humanistic-Experiential. Humanistic-Experiential therapies are, â€Å"psychotherapies emphasizing personal growth and self-direction† (Butcher, et al, 2006). The humanistic approach places primary importance upon human interests, values, and most importantly the belief in human potentials (Schultz Schultz, 2009, pp297)Read MorePsychodynamic And Humanistic Theories Of Psychology1634 Words   |  7 PagesPsychodynamic and Humanistic Personality Theories The study of the human mind is an interesting topic to discuss about, we have many theorists that have come up with many different ideas or theories, in how to evaluate the mind of humans, two main ways to study the mind in psychology are psychodynamic approach and humanistic approach. Even though these theories are to evaluate human minds they have different views in how the mind works. In psychodynamic approach, the way the mind is viewed is thatRead MoreHumanistic Psychology Essay examples1165 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen increasingly popular from the mid-20th century. In the early 1960s, a movement named third-force psychology started as a reaction to the defect of behaviorism and psychoanalysis to deal fully with the human condition (Hergenhahn, 2008). This third-force movement is humanistic psychology, which refers to the combination of the philosophy of romanticism and existentialism. Humanistic psychology instead paid more attention to each individuals potentials and highlig hted the importance of self-actualizationRead MorePersonality, Psychology, And Humanistic Approach1362 Words   |  6 Pageshuman being (boundless.com). That is one of many ways of defining personality. When examining personality, there are four main approachable theories including: The Psychodynamic Approach, The Trait Approach, The Social-Cognitive Approach, and The Humanistic Approach. The Psychodynamic Approach was first approach by Sigmund Freud; he dealt with the understanding that personality came from our unconscious state of mind. And that unconscious state interacted to determine our thoughts, behaviors, andRead MoreOverview of Humanistic Psychology Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pages Humanistic Psychology is a psychological perspective that highlights the study of a person in whole. These psychologist look at human behavior not just through the eyes of the viewer, but also through the eyes of the client that has the behavior. These psychologist believe that an individuals behavior is associated to his or her intimate feelings and their self image. Humanistic psychologist accepts human beings are not just a commodity of the environment. These psychologist study human meaningsRead MoreHumanistic Psychology And The Other Disciplines Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesHumanistic psychology was created as a response to the limitations of the two forces already establ ished, psychoanalytic and behaviorist psychology. One of the biggest differences between humanistic psychology and the other disciplines is that it views humanity in a holistic and optimistic manner rather than in fragmentations. One of the most significant and founding theorists of this humanism force was Carl Rogers. His contributions to the field, research on personality, and his psychotherapy techniques

King Henry VIII and his Great Impact on the History of...

King Henry VIII was one of the most powerful rulers in the fifteenth century, who had a very captivating life many people are not aware of. Most people know Henry VIII as a berserk king with too many wives, but there is more to Henry VIII than that. Many few people know about his life and what he truly contributed to our world. Henry VIII was an almighty leader in England who won’t soon be forgotten. Henry VIII was born in Greenwich, England on June 28, 1491. At the age of just two years old Henry was named Constable of Dover Castle, and Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports. When he was three years old he was created the Duke of York. As a child Henry VIII was an all around well mannered, respectful child. His parents were Henry VII†¦show more content†¦Catharine of Aragon was Arthur’s widow, and seven years after his death Henry VIII married her on June 11, 1509 when he was seventeen years old . The new prince, Henry VIII, did not waste any time in experi menting with his new found power. He quickly found two ministers his father greatly disliked when he was alive, and he had them arrested and then executed. Execution soon became Henry VIII’s standard way of punishing anyone who crossed his path. Henry VIII realized that he needed to expand his territory in France, so in 1513 Henry VIII and his troops invaded France. They defeated France, and this battle came to be known as the Battle of the Spurs. At the time of this battle the Scottish invaded England as an attempt to distract Henry VIII from invading France. The Scottish’s attempt failed to get Henry VIII’s attention. Not long after this event, the Scottish were defeated at the Battle of Flodden Field. The battle between England and Scotland went from 1513-1517. Then on February 18, 1516, Henry VIII and his wife Catherine had their first child . They named their little girl Mary, who later became known as â€Å"Bloody Mary†. Princess Mary of England was their first child to survive infancy, and she was Catherine’s only child. Later in Mary’s life she became the Queen of England and the Queen of Ireland . During King Henry VIII’s time of ruling he enjoyed spending a plethoraShow MoreRelatedGreat Leaders And Rulers Of The Elizabethan Time Period1748 Words   |  7 Pagesnation are remembered throughout history. Leaders and rulers are distinguished by the events that occur during their reign whether they are controllable or insuppressible. They are remembered for the conflicts that occur and simply how they use the power given to them. The title of King gives one a tremendous amount of power. How it is used is up to the possessor of this power. Monarchies of the Elizabethan time period are filled with extraordinary rulers. Henry VIII is one of the many. MisogynisticRead MoreHenry VIII: King of England1349 Words   |  6 PagesAs a monarch, the life of Henry VIII is one of which many do not attempt to describe because of the rich amount of history that goes along with him. No king has left such a profound impact on the past accounts of his country, or has been the focus of contr oversial topics that have made lasting contributions to his country. His means were immoral, but because of the greatness that he achieved, we look beyond his imperfection. On June 28, 1491, at Greenwich Palace, Henry VII and Elizabeth of YorkRead MoreKing Henry s Viii Church Of England Essay2987 Words   |  12 PagesEnglish M01A Professor Egan November 21, 2014 King Henry’s VIII Church of England Was the Reformation Based in Religion or Politics? When most students think of Henry VIII, they think of the mad, power hungry and misogynistic tyrant who beheaded two of his wives and married six times. Although those events did in fact take place, it is the greater accomplishments of King Henry VIII that should be remembered throughout history. Historians consider Henry VIII to be the most important monarch to have ruledRead MoreHenry VIII and his contribution to the English Reformation1511 Words   |  7 PagesHenry VIII, the notorious King of England, had an exceptionally significant influence on English history. The importance of Henrys eminent reign is typically overshadowed by his six wives, but to discover its true essence one must breach the barriers yielded by the many fallacies concerning his overly publicized liaisons. Although to many he is remembered solely for his hedonistic life style, his malicious attitudes, and of course his six wives, Henry was well-educated and an adept ruler. He exudedRead MoreKing Louis Ix A nd Richard Lionheart1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe Medieval period was perhaps one of the most interesting and unique time periods in history. This time is usually viewed as a lull in progress or lacking productivity, when in reality this was one of the most pivotal points in history. Two people who played outstanding roles in this time period were those of King Saint Louis IX of France and Richard Lionheart I of England. Both King Louis IX and Richard Lionheart made significant social, political, and cultural advancements to society by contributingRead More Mary Tudor (Bloody Mary): The True Story Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pagesqueen, and by the same title a king also† # Mary Tudor was an influential women of her time period. Many in modern society know her for her particularly bad reputation as Bloody Mary, however they do not realize the contributions she made, or her influence on history . The story behind Mary’s reputation gives insight as to her true accomplishme nts as England’s first queen. When Mary Tudor was born on February 18, 1516, she was the only child that King Henry VIII and his wife Catherine of Aragon hadRead MoreBritain s Political And Religious Structure During The Tudor Era1657 Words   |  7 Pagesbiggest changes in its political and religious structure in its history. It changed from Catholicism to Protestantism, then back and back again. It also saw major changes in who ran the country, with more involvement from parliament. Different chief ministers (including Thomas Cromwell) had different impacts on Britain and the monarch, and the influence of them will be assessed in this essay. Thomas Wolsey was born in 1475, and rose his way the top. Before being made a cardinal, he became a priestRead MoreThe Black Death2711 Words   |  11 PagesThroughout history there has been many events that caused changes in the culture and livelihood of the human race. The Black Death was one such event. The spread of the disease killed millions of people, and caused many religious, social and economic upheavals. The pandemic is thought to have first originated in Central Asia and travel along the Silk Road by the means of trade. The shifting climate patterns at the start of the Little Ice Age may have contributed to the severity of the disease. TheRead MoreThe Most Important Results Of The Reformation994 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Reformation Era that are important. The Reformation Era made a big impact in recent studies of history. One of the most important results of the Reformation Era is the Martin Luther 95 theses. Another really important results that impacted the Reformati on Era is religion. Religion is really significant back then because of how powerful God or God’s were. These two reasons are what made the most significant impact in the history of the Reformation Era. Martin Luther 95 theses was one of the mostRead MoreHow Did England Change During The Reign Of Henry Viii4123 Words   |  17 PagesHow did England change during the reign of Henry VIII? The reign of the Tudors control over England lasted a total of 118 years, starting with Henry VII in 1485 and finishing with the death of Elizabeth I in 1603 who had no heir to the throne [1]. A lot of the change, to make or become different[2], accounted for during this period was due to Henry VIII and his hard headed approach to politics and religion and his passion to be remembered as a warrior and famous king. Henry VIII is famous for having

Im a Digital Dependant Essay Example For Students

Im a Digital Dependant Essay When I was first asked to convey my digital image, I described myself as a digital chameleon. I said this because I have always believed that I was a selective user of digital media. And that I only used certain tools that would make my life easier as well as only take and use what was necessary for my career or immediate survival. But since taking this class I have realized I am a way more active digital citizen that I originally thought. I find myself more and more involved in digital media these days whether its networking online, creating music or beats, or simply by posting a photo and sharing it with the online communities of the world. I would like to call myself a Digital Dependent. I say this because whether I like to admit or not I have become so dependent on technology, that I cant remember the time I either asked someone to help with a certain issue or looked up something in a book. In this modern day where everything is based on how fast you can get the information you seek, its almost impossible not to get hooked into the chaos of it all. I was just talking to an old friend about how when we used to deliver pizza we literally had to use a map to not only lookup but plot our route to our destination. I could never dream of doing that today! Let alone I dont even think I own a car map. Its amazing when you take a step back and just realize how many times you jump to use your phone, laptop or tablet when faced with a dilemma, or just to simply look up some random information. The days of immersing yourself in manuals and other literature are on its way to extinction. When youre a Digital Dependent like myself you can really lose your personal identity and start to immerse or believe that your digital identity is more important. Especially in this industry when youre constantly judged by your peers, fans and even family on blogs, social media and other sites. And with information regarding yourself being spread so fast through the internet one can easily be more concerned with that side of the negativity that can come along with being a digital citizen rather than concentrating on the work that got them to the point that are at in their career. In conclusion to tie in to a little with what we learned this month, now that I can accurately label myself as Digital Dependent thus making me an active Digital Citizen. With that citizenship comes responsibility to uphold; copyrights, misinformation, and the digital law that governs each of us the moment we decide to interact on any digital platform. So in conclusion as a born again Digital Dependent, I have determined to learn and soak up as much information as I can that will help me along this career path Im currently on to make in the Music Industry. I definitely see myself as more educated than when I first started this class.

Knowledge Management free essay sample

The process received a fillip after Drucker (and others) stressed the role of knowledge as an organization resource, and Senge popularized ‘learning organizations’ Objective of knowledge management: The purpose of KM is to gather, categorize, store and spread all knowledge that is needed to make the organization both grow and prosper. It is not as much a technology change as it is a cultural change, Value of knowledge management : Organizations compete increasingly on the base of knowledge (the only sustainable competitive advantage, according to some) * Most of the work is information based (and often immersed in a computing environment) * The products, services, and environment are more complex than ever before * Workforces are increasingly unstable leading to escalating demands for knowledge replacement/acquisition The Knowledge management benefits can be categorized into three which include: * knowledge benefits intermediate benefits * organizational benefits A typic al example would be of an organization such as a manufacturing firm or an academic institution or a government agency which has numerous physical files. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Categorization and segregation into working databases allows the employees who need specific information to access the databases more efficiently through word or category searches instead of having to sift through so many folders. Updating of these databases will also result in having the most recent and relevant information and knowledge stored and easily accessible by any employee who may need any specific information These are the benefits which will have an impact on the way an organization thinks and operates to achieve its objective, for example, to provide quality education, quality products and services, or quality programs to bring about the good of civil society. In a constantly evolving and competitive environment, organizations are faced with the problem of having to continuously improve in the area of creating innovative products and service that would meet the constantly evolving needs and wants of their customers. Patronage from customers is the only way ahead for the success of any organization both small and big. Considering the huge number of physical files in an organization example, as the databases are organized the decision maker has the necessary information and knowledge to substantiate or justify research and development initiatives that leads to more innovations which in turn leads to the creation of new products and services. These initiatives may seem a bit costlier for the company in the beginning stages. But if these initiatives when looked at on a long-term perspective help the organization to create products and services and then sell them to a market that needs or wants them. This helps the organization to actually reap the rewards of satisfied customers translating into increased sales revenues which helps offset the initial capital sunk into the research and development initiatives. ) Searching for knowledge and receiving knowledge 2) Restructuring the knowledge 3) Making knowledge explicit 4) Associating the knowledge with the actions described in the process model 5) Making knowledge available for actions which need it and delivering it to the right agents in the right moment 6) Updating knowledge and change management ) Quality management A. Searching and Receiving Knowledge * Data, information and knowledge does not come from itself * Some sources of knowledge are known, others have to be found * The management’s task is to: 1. Get an overview over sources and organize the search for them 2. Determine the times (or periods) when sources have new knowledge 3. Organize the access to and the flow from the sources 4. Receive the demanded knowledg e properly 5. Classify and receive the knowledge which came in but not on demand * Sources 1. Document Oriented Knowledge Structure 2. Tables 3. Content Oriented Knowledge Structures 4. Linguistic tools, Thesaurus etc. are useful. B. Restructuring Knowledge The task of the knowledge management is to organize Restructuring Pointing out weaknesses and getting other sources Restructuring has two aspects: * Restructuring of a single input document * Embed in or distribute the input over the whole knowledge structure Different agents may need knowledge C. Making Knowledge Explicit It is the purpose of data mining techniques to make knowledge in data bases explicit. The knowledge management has to organize this: * Where are weak points ? * Which information can be helpful for improvement ? * How to obtain the information ? Knowledge in texts can at least partially be made explicit by * Extracting key words\ * extracting phrases * extracting abstracts D. Which Knowledge for What ? Knowledge in business Is oriented on business processes Influences partially the general structure of the Processes Has to allow a fast and optimal representation of the knowledge in actual contexts E. Organizing the Use of Knowledge Missing Knowledge creates errors * Too much knowledge confuses * Knowledge for each task has to be accessible for the right persons at the right time at the right place in the needed format * This task is very complex and uses different techniques F. Change Management * Knowledge is not invariant but undergoes continuous changes. These changes have to be reported at the right time to those agents who need it. * The report can be given on de mand as well as proactive. * The change management organizes this in a systematic way. G. Quality Management * Quality decreases over time due to changes (external as well as internal) if no reaction takes place. The quality of the processes has to be controlled continuously: 1. Observation of the environment data 2. Observation of the process * Interpretation of observed data on the basis of quality models. * The results of the control are transformed into actions which re-establish the quality. * The knowledge manager has to ensure the quality of the knowledge and has in particular to deal with knowledge gaps. Technology is a primary enabler of KM practices Technologies Supporting knowledge management : 1. Project management 2. Work flow 3. Extranets 4. Document management 5. Web conferencing 6. Decision support system 7. Data warehouse 8. Groupware 9. Intranet Examples of company implementing knowledge management 1. Pfizer credits KM practices for discovering the hidden benefits of the Viagra drug. 2. Chase Manhattan, one of the largest banks in the US, used Customer relationship management KM initiatives to increase its annual revenue by 15% 3. Ford Motor Company accelerated its concept-to-production time from 36 months to 24 months 4. Rolls-Royces Knowledge Acquisition and Modeling Process improves project management processes. 5. Shell Oils Global Learning and Development involves continuous learning around the exploration and production process 6. World Bank Institute focused on improving development projects funded through the World Bank. Top ten world wide companies I knowledge management : 1. 80-20 2. Appian 3. Astoria 4. ATG 5. Attensity 6. Avenue A|Razorfish 7. Autonomy 8. AXS-One 9. Basis Technology 10. Butterworth-Heinemann Knowledge Management free essay sample The finding of this paper is the used of social media that dell implemented since 2006 and integrated with organization learning, knowledge management and innovation generating. Introduction Dell Inc is a leading multinational company in IT business who primarily provide complete solution which included hardware support, software support, on-site- service and financial service for all range of business, consumer and public sector . One-third of the company revenue is generating from service and consulting activities which operated via Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, telephone, and on-site- service. Dell Inc was being the first company in the industry who introduced at-home assistance and implementing social media service to aid technical issue with business which currently being an influence factor for consumer purchasing decision. The current IT industry market climate is tense by competitors and various factors such as technology advancement and social trend also vastly affect the backbone of the market. These mentioned factors directly push every company to find their competitiveness over the competitors. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page So, every company needs to acquire knowledge in order to invent something new that will help the company compete ith other competitors. In some ways, the company can obtain the mention knowledge and respond to consumers need by frequently asking from consumers themselves . Because social media will provide company more opportunities to connect, listen and engage with customer than before. This report paper will demonstrates and analyze how social media exploit innovation and useful practice in Dell Inc which knowledge management and organization learning are a part of it. Social media In Social Media is an online instrument of communication which the reader can communities and networks see (fgure 1). The content of the interchange communication can be text, picture, sound, or movies. Sometime writer is able to become audience and receive other readers opinions and point of views back and forth (Kaplan Haenlein, 2010; King, 2012; Hong, 2013). Social network is an online platform that group of people build-up social-relations, share interests, activities, and real-life connection. Because on this platform this network member will share their perception and experience about a specific topic of interest, and these comment and knowledge can be used for organization to learn and create an innovation because arge amount of information will be transfer toward group of people who share the same interest. Figure 1: Social media triangle Source: Social Media Roadmaps The Social Dynamic Model (SDM) SDM is an approach that integrated social media and customer-centric thinking into individual organization. SDM is resulted from the change in consumer behavior which their purchasing decisions are influence by the surrounding factors such as peer recommendations. In addition, Social media can stimulate human interaction with brands and company. The challenge that company currently facing is how to ntegrate social media dynamic through organization touch-points because social media participants are expected to be involved, respected, and help. This social dynamic model is not only describing the affect the way companies do marketing but also other functions in the organization. In capability building process, it is very important to build internal belief and knowledge. So the organization can set a further the direction in the organization. In the second step, the pilot mode, in this phrase concrete projects have been set-up which these projects will enhance the learning process of the organization. The project needs to have a center of excellence to improve company listening culture. The third step, integration mode, in this phrase, the company pull and tide the organization with the customer. This will increase customer involvement with the organization and organization restructure is required to make the organization work more functional and the project should be assessable by KPI concept. The last step, the leverage mode, this last phrase is about making the company more flexible because of the SDM philosophy the ROI of the company should have increased. Figure 2: will describe that of four steps approach o integrate social dynamic practice which included the capability building, the pilot mode, the integration mode, the leverage mode into the organization as followings: Source: lnSite Consulting (2012) In 2005, Dell was claimed for unacceptable of customer service and customer support though social media by Jeff Travis who is a famous blog writer. The title Dell lies. Dell Suck immediately became talk of the town. He also implemented a score system that reflex an unpleasant feeling from Dells customers. The inevitable message rapidly spread through the social media and online network vastly ruined ells brand image and reputation. As a reaction, Dell immediately realizes the power of social network and the solving reactions are require to be implemented. Because factor that influence purchasing decision. Dell Inc learn to change a long with the sound of customers which make them named number 1 most social brand in this recent years. They keep listening all of the incoming ideas but not over-reacting, this can see from the fact on the web which show that 18,000 ideas submitted but only 500 ideas has been implemented, dell try to weight the outcome of each idea and make the best uses of them. After staying in social media dell had learn a lot of knowledge from their website, ideastorm. com, which in this website, dell users sign- in and discuss about how to improve their beloved brand, dell. As below, this figure shows the development of dells social media Figure 3: the facet of dells social media timeline Source: Dell Social Media adjusted by Chaiwanichya Knowledge Management free essay sample It involves applying the collective knowledge and abilities of the entire workforce to achieve specific organizational objectives. State agencies should feel free to adapt and use information and tools on the following pages as necessary within their organization. It is provided to be a starting point for sharing knowledge and experience, allowing those who remain with the organization to continue providing quality service. Capturing and sharing critical knowledge and expertise should be occurring continuously among employees. In many cases, however, it is not and this need becomes pressing when a valued employee is preparing to retire or change positions. When an organization is considering implementing a knowledge transfer plan it is important to answer several questions: 1. Is the organization going to fill the vacant position or reassign the duties? 2. Are all the duties of the position still important to the mission of the organization? 3. Is there a need to update the position description? 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Knowledge Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Will the position change, remain as is, or be eliminated once the employee leaves? What is knowledge transfer? David DeLong’s book â€Å"Lost Knowledge† describes knowledge as the â€Å"capacity for effective actions or decision-making in the context of organizational activity†. Accordingly, lost knowledge would decrease this vital capacity and help undermine organizational effectiveness and performance. The goal of transferring knowledge to others [known as Knowledge Transfer] is to: 1. Identify key positions and people where potential knowledge loss is most imminent. 2. Assess how critical the knowledge loss will be. Develop a plan of action to ensure the capture of that critical knowledge and a plan of action to transfer it. Why is knowledge transfer important? A significant percentage of the state’s workforce is nearing retirement age over the next ten years. These employees have acquired a tremendous amount of knowledge about how things work, how to get things done and who to go to when problems arise. Losing their expertise and experience could significantly reduce efficiency, resulting in costly mistakes, unexpected quality problems, or significant disruptions in services and/or performance. In addition, faster turnover among younger employees and more competitive recruiting and compensation packages add significantly to the mounting concern about the state’s ability to sustain acceptable levels of performance. What are the benefits of a knowledge transfer program? Knowledge transfer [KT] programs prevent critical knowledge loss by focusing on key areas. Some of the immediate benefits of KT programs are: 1. They provide reusable documentation of the knowledge required in certain positions or job roles. 2. They result in immediate learning and knowledge transfer when carried out by individuals who can either use the transferred knowledge themselves or have responsibility for hiring, training, mentoring, coaching or managing people within an organizational unit. 3. They reduce the impact of employee departure. 4. They integrate staffing, training, job and organization redesign, process improvements and other responses. 5. They aid in succession planning. 6. They prevent the loss of knowledge held only in employees’ heads when they leave the organization or retire. They enhance career development. Generally Accepted Definitions for Knowledge Management and Transfer Knowledge Management (KM) refers to practices used by organizations to find, create, and distribute knowledge for reuse, awareness, and learning across the organization. Knowledge Management programs are typically tied to organizational objectives and are intended to lead to the achievement of specific outcomes such as shared intelligence, improved performance, or higher levels of innovation. Knowledge Transfer (an aspect of Knowledge Management) has always existed in one form or another through on-the-job discussions with peers, apprenticeship, and maintenance of agency libraries, professional training and mentoring programs. Since the late twentieth century, technology has played a vital role in Knowledge Transfer through the creation of knowledge bases, expert systems, and other knowledge repositories. To understand knowledge management and knowledge transfer, it is helpful to examine the differences between data, information, and knowledge. Data is discrete, objective facts. Data is the raw material for creating information. By itself, data carries no judgment, interpretation or meaning. Information is data that is organized, patterned and/or categorized. It has been sorted, analyzed and displayed, and is communicated through various means. Information changes the way a person perceives something, thus, affecting judgment or behavior. Knowledge is what is known. It is richer and more meaningful than information. Knowledge is gained through experience, reasoning, intuition, and learning. Because knowledge is intuitive, it is difficult to structure, can be hard to capture on machines, and is a challenge to transfer. We often speak of a knowledgeable person, and by that we mean someone who is well informed, and thoroughly versed in a given area. We expand our knowledge when others share theirs with us. We create new knowledge when we pool our knowledge together.